An Appraisal of the Influence of Parenting Styles on Adolescent Mental Health: A Case Study of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State
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Background of the Study
Parenting styles play a significant role in shaping the mental health and emotional development of adolescents. Baumrind’s classification of parenting styles into authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful has been widely adopted to study the impact of different parenting approaches on child and adolescent outcomes (Cohen et al., 2024). Research suggests that authoritative parenting, which involves a balance of warmth and control, is associated with positive mental health outcomes, while authoritarian and neglectful parenting styles are linked to higher rates of anxiety, depression, and behavioral problems in adolescents (Okoye & Ayodele, 2023).
Adolescence is a critical period of mental and emotional development, and the influence of parenting on mental health during this phase is profound. University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, provides mental health services to adolescents facing a variety of challenges, including those related to parenting. However, the extent to which different parenting styles contribute to adolescent mental health outcomes in this region remains underexplored. This study seeks to examine the influence of parenting styles on adolescent mental health in Kwara State.
Statement of the Problem
Adolescent mental health issues have risen in Nigeria, with various factors contributing to the mental health burden. One under-explored factor is the influence of parenting styles on adolescent mental well-being. At University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, a significant number of adolescent patients present with mental health disorders linked to their familial environments. However, the relationship between specific parenting styles and adolescent mental health outcomes in the Nigerian context has not been extensively studied. This study seeks to fill this gap by evaluating how different parenting styles impact the mental health of adolescents in Kwara State.
Objectives of the Study
- To investigate the relationship between different parenting styles and adolescent mental health outcomes.
- To evaluate the impact of authoritative parenting on adolescent mental health.
- To identify the mental health challenges faced by adolescents raised under different parenting styles.
Research Questions
- What is the relationship between parenting styles and adolescent mental health outcomes?
- How does authoritative parenting influence adolescent mental health?
- What mental health challenges are adolescents raised under authoritarian or permissive parenting likely to face?
Research Hypotheses
- Parenting styles significantly influence adolescent mental health outcomes.
- Authoritative parenting is associated with better mental health outcomes in adolescents.
- Adolescents raised under authoritarian or permissive parenting experience more mental health challenges.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on adolescents aged 12–18 years who are receiving mental health care at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital between 2023 and 2025. The limitations include potential biases in self-reported data from adolescents and caregivers, and the challenge of isolating the influence of parenting styles from other environmental factors.
Definitions of Terms
- Parenting Styles: The methods and behaviors used by parents in raising their children, which can vary from authoritative to authoritarian, permissive, or neglectful.
- Adolescent Mental Health: The psychological well-being of individuals between the ages of 12 and 18, including the presence of disorders such as anxiety, depression, and behavioral problems.
- Authoritative Parenting: A parenting style characterized by high warmth and responsiveness combined with appropriate levels of control and discipline.
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